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Jagged array

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In <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, a jagged array, also known as a ragged array <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> or irregular array <a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is an <a href="Array_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data structure">array</a> of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths,<a href="#cite_note-LibertyMacDonald2008-3">[3]</a> producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. In contrast, two-dimensional arrays are always rectangular<a href="#cite_note-Box2002-4">[4]</a> so jagged arrays should not be confused with <a href="Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">multidimensional arrays</a>, but the former is often used to emulate the latter.

Arrays of arrays in languages such as Java, PHP, Python (multidimensional lists), Ruby, C#.NET, <a href="Visual_Basic.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic.NET">Visual Basic.NET</a>, Perl, JavaScript, Objective-C, Swift, and Atlas Autocode are implemented as <a href="Iliffe_vector" title="Iliffe vector">Iliffe vectors</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

In <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> and <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> jagged arrays can be created with the following code:<a href="#cite_note-DeitelDeitel2008-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>int[][] c;

c = new int[2][]; // creates 2 rows

c[0] = new int[5]; // 5 columns for row 0

c[1] = new int[3]; // create 3 columns for row 1

</pre></div>

In <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, a jagged array can be created (on the stack) using the following code:

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>int jagged_row0[] = {0,1};

int jagged_row1[] = {1,2,3};

int *jagged[] = { jagged_row0, jagged_row1 };

</pre></div>

In C/C++, jagged arrays can also be created (on the heap) with an array of pointers:

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>int *jagged[5];

jagged[0] = malloc(sizeof(int) * 10);

jagged[1] = malloc(sizeof(int) * 3);

</pre></div>

In <a href="C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a>, jagged array can be created with the code:<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>using namespace System;

int main()

{

array<array<double> ^> ^ Arrayname = gcnew array <array<double> ^> (4); // array contains 4

//elements

return 0;

}

</pre></div>

In <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, a jagged array can be created using derived types with allocatable component(s):

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-fortran mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>type :: Jagged_type

integer, allocatable :: row(:)

end type Jagged_type

type(Jagged_type) :: Jagged(3)

Jagged(1)%row = [1]

Jagged(2)%row = [1,2]

Jagged(3)%row = [1,2,3]

</pre></div>

In <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, jagged arrays are not native but one can use <a href="List_comprehensions" class="mw-redirect" title="List comprehensions">list comprehensions</a> to create a multi-dimensional list which supports any dimensional matrix:<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>multi_list_3d = [[[] for i in range(3)] for i in range(3)]

# Produces: [[[], [], []], [[], [], []], [[], [], []]]

multi_list_5d = [[[] for i in range(5)] for i in range(5)]

# Produces: [[[], [], [], [], []], [[], [], [], [], []], [[], [], [], [], []], [[], [], [], [], []], [[], [], [], [], []]]

</pre></div>

<ul><li><a href="Variable-length_array" title="Variable-length array">Variable-length array</a></li>

<li><a href="Iliffe_vector" title="Iliffe vector">Iliffe vector</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKing2008" class="citation book cs1">King, K. N. (2008). C Programming. W. W. Norton. p. 301. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-393-97950-3</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1">Handbook of Data Structures and Applications. CRC Press. 2004.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LibertyMacDonald2008-3"><a href="#cite_ref-LibertyMacDonald2008_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJesse_LibertyBrian_MacDonald2008" class="citation book cs1">Jesse Liberty; Brian MacDonald (18 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CgLgh5vQcPgC&pg=PA210">Learning C# 3.0</a>. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". pp. 210–. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-55420-0</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Box2002-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Box2002_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDon_Box2002" class="citation book cs1">Don Box (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl1DVZ8wTqcC&pg=PA138">Essential .Net: The Common Language Runtime</a>. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 138. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-201-73411-9</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/jagged-array-in-java/">"Jagged Array in Java - GeeksforGeeks"</a>. GeeksforGeeks. 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2018-08-13.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-DeitelDeitel2008-6"><a href="#cite_ref-DeitelDeitel2008_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPaul_J._DeitelHarvey_M._Deitel2008" class="citation book cs1">Paul J. Deitel; Harvey M. Deitel (26 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sYzx_mZy0twC&pg=PA40">C# 2008 for Programmers</a>. Pearson Education. p. 40. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-13-701188-9</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.functionx.com/cppcli/arrays/jagged.htm">"Jagged Arrays"</a>. FunctionX. Retrieved 26 November 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015050710/http://alvin.io/lists-in-python-demystified-part-2/">"Lists in Python Demystified"</a>. Alvin.io. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alvin.io/lists-in-python-demystified-part-2/">the original</a> on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.</cite>

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